option obligation dissertation

BASIC RULE: The justification to choose belongs to the debtor/ obligor Except: When the right continues to be expressly awarded to the lender Right of choice of debtor not total. LIMITATION WITHIN THE DEBTOR’S DECISION (1) The debtor cannot choose individuals prestations that are (a) impossible, (b) unlawful, or (c) which could not have been the item of the responsibility. (2) Merely one prestation is usually practicable (3) The debtor cannot select part of 1 prestation and part of one other prestation. (Art 1199) Connection of realize that choice have been made 2. The borrower must choose and communicate his choice to the lender.

5. The alternative responsibility will be converted to a simple accountability * The proof and form of notice may be made by orally or in writing, expressly or intended. Effect once only one is practicable 2. The debtor loses his right of preference when only one alternative prestation is despejado of performance. When borrower may rescind contract 5. If the debtor could not make a choice due to the creditor’s act of creating prestations difficult, debtor may well RESCIND the contract with damages.

Rescission makes the obligation to return the things that were the object of the contact as well as their fruits, and the cost with its fascination.

* In case the debtor is being prevented to decide on only a specific prestation, in addition to other offered, he is free to choose from these people, after notifying the creditor of his decision The effects of loss or impossibility of the alternative prestation BEFORE the proper of choice can be exercised. * Once the borrower has disseminated his choice of alternative prestation to be performed to the lender, the obligation turns into simple 5. If the picked alternative can be lost without the fault of the debtor, the duty will be extinguished.

* If the chosen alternate is dropped due to the because of the borrower, the obligation will probably be converted into monetary consideration as damages. 5. Effect in the event that one or some of the alternative prestations in the option obligation are lost Prior to the debtor has communicated his choice to creditor * The result will really depend upon whether the proper of choice was handed to the borrower or to the creditor. A. When the correct of choice is one of the DEBTOR 5. If the reduction is due to FORTUITOUS EVENT a) If every alternative prestation are lost, the alternative accountability extinguished.

(Article 1174) b) If several alternative prestations remain, the debtor can easily still exercise his right of choice and decide on any staying alternative prestation(Article 1200) c) If only one of alternatives stay, there is no even more alternative obligation but simply a simple accountability. * In the event loss is due to DEBTOR’s FAULT a) If all the alternative prestation are lost, the choice obligation is converted into financial consideration because indemnity to get damages. The foundation for the computation from the amount to always be paid by the debtor could be the value with the last thing or service dropped plus damages.

b) If two or more of different prestation remain, the debtor can still workout his right of choice and choose from any of the remaining alternatives (ART 1200) c) If only one alternatives remain, you cannot find any more substitute obligation although only basic obligation. M. When the right of choice is one of the CREDITOR * If the loss is due to a FORTUITOUS EVENT The effect s i9000 are the same because where the proper of choice belongs to debtor 2. If the damage is due to DEBTOR’S FAULT a. If every one of the alternative prestations are lost, the alternative requirement is converted into monetary concern as indemnity for damage.

The basis pertaining to the calculation of the total be paid by the debtor will be the value of any one of object selected by the creditor (because he can given the right of choice) plus damage. b. In the event two or more prestations remain, the obligation is still substitute. The creditor has the option to either: n. 1 select from among the remaining alternatives m. 2 find the lost target. The borrower will be then simply liable for the significance of lost thing chosen by creditor plus the damages. FACULTATIVE OBLIGATION.

* is one particular where just one prestation have been agreed upon but the obligor may well render an additional in replacement * The right of choice is supposed to be only to the DEBTOR * Once the substitution is made, the obligation is converted to a simple person to deliver or perform the substituted prestation. * The substitution also becomes effective only from the time the debtor communicates to creditor his choice to do the substituted prestation. Alternative and Faculative Obligations Distinguised The differences happen to be as follows: 1) Number of prestations Alternative- a lot of prestation happen to be due nevertheless compliance with one is adequate.

Faculative- just one prestation is due although the borrower is permitted to substitute 2) Right of choice Alternative- the ideal of choice might given to lender or third person Faculative- the right to make substitution is given only to the debtor 3) Loss by using a fortuitous celebration Alternative- the losing of one or more by using a fortuitous event does not reduce the obligation Faculative- the loss of the fact due extinguishes the obligation 4) Loss through fault of debtor a) Alternative- the loss of one through the because of debtor does not render him liable.

Faculative- the loss of the thing due through his problem makes him liable b) Alternative- in which the choice belongs to the creditor, the loss of one option through the because of the borrower gives rise to the liability. Faculative- the losing of the alternative before substitution through the fault of the borrower does not give him responsible. Effect on loss of the thing in Facultative Requirement BEFORE REPLACEMENT * The debtor is not accountable if the replacement prestation can be lost whether due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. 5. If the first prestation is definitely lost due to a fortuitous event, the obligation is extinguished.

AFTER ALTERNATIVE * The debtor is not accountable if the original prestation is lost if due to his fault as well as to a fortuitous event. * If the replace is lost, the liability from the debtor is dependent upon whether or not the reduction is due to his fault. POSSIBLE OBLIGATION 5. is one particular where only one prestation has been agreed upon but the obligor might render one other in replacement * The right of choice is supposed to be only to the DEBTOR 2. Once the alternative is made, the obligation is converted to a simple someone to deliver or perhaps perform the substituted prestation.

* The substitution as well becomes powerful only from the time the debtor communicates to creditor his choice to do the substituted prestation. Substitute and Faculative Obligations Distinguised The differences will be as follows: 5) Number of prestations Alternative- several prestation will be due although compliance with one is enough. Faculative- just one prestation is due although the debtor is allowed to substitute 6) Right of preference Alternative- the right of choice may possibly given to creditor or third person Faculative- the right to generate substitution has only to the debtor 7) Loss through a fortuitous function.

Alternative- the loss of one or more by using a fortuitous event does not extinguish the obligation Faculative- the loss of the thing due extinguishes the obligation 8) Loss through fault of borrower c) Alternative- the loss of 1 through the because of debtor would not render him liable Faculative- the loss of one thing due through his wrong doing makes him liable d) Alternative- in which the choice belongs to the creditor, the losing of one alternate through the because of the borrower gives rise to liability. Faculative- the losing of the alternative before replacement through the because of the debtor does not provide him liable.

Effect on lack of the thing in Facultative Responsibility BEFORE ALTERNATIVE * The debtor can be not responsible if the replace prestation can be lost if due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. 2. If the unique prestation is usually lost due to a fortuitous event, the obligation is extinguished. AFTER SUBSTITUTION * The debtor can be not accountable if the initial prestation is usually lost if due to his fault or a fortuitous event. 2. If the replacement is lost, the liability from the debtor is determined by whether or not the damage is due to his fault.

1